Dendrobium
(pronounced: den-DROH-bee-um)
Classification
Dendrobieae subtribe Dendrobiinae. Several genera, previously included in a broadly defined Dendrobium, are now recognized as separate genera including Cadetia Gaudichaud, Diplocaulobium (Reichenbach) Kraenzlin, Epigeneium Gagnepain, Flickingeria Hawkes,
Award Photo Gallery
This gallery contains examples of AOS award photos within this alliance.
(click an image above to view the close-up gallery with name and award granted for each orchid pictured)
If you are an AOS Member, access OrchidPro online to browse and search over 100,000 photos of award-winning orchids and more.
If you are not an AOS member, discover the benefits of joining today
Overview
Highly variable epiphytes, lithophytes and terrestrials, miniature to enormous, erect or pendent. Rhizomes short to elongate-trailing. Pseudobulbs cane-like, swollen, or rarely absent, fibrous, often turning yellow when dried, covered with persistent sheaths, sometimes with blackish trichomes. Leaves terete to broad, deciduous or evergreen, thin textured to leathery or rigid, one to many. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, solitary flowers to long scapose racemes, never branched, the floral bracts usually insignificant. Flowers extremely variable in color and shape, ephemeral to extremely long-lasting (over six months in some species). Sepals and petals free, spreading, the lateral sepals fused with the prominent column foot forming a spur-like mentum, sometimes elongate. Lip unlobed or three-lobed, the callus usually of parallel keels, often with a transverse ridge towards the base. Column short, with +/- stelidia; pollinia 4, naked.
Etymology
Fromthe Greek dendron, meaning tree, and bios, meaning life, referring to the epiphytic habit of the genus.
Distribution
An extremely diverse genus of about 900 species from India to the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Care and Culture Card
See basic growing conditions and care information below.
Because of the diversity found in the genus it is difficult to provide simple cultural reccomendations. All species may be grown in pots in standard epiphyte mixtures, the grade depending on the size of the plants, or mounted on slabs. Trailing species from Australia are best mounted on slabs but may be grown in pots if special attention is paid to avoid root rot. Most species prefer small pots and should be kept almost root-bound to avoid rotting of the roots. For the most part, three broad groups may be recognized: (1) evergreen species; (2) deciduous species; and (3) high-elevation species primarily from New Guinea. Most evergreen species are native to tropical lowlands and should be given bright light, warm temperatures, and regular watering throughout the growing season, reducing water after the canes have matured. Special care should be taken to avoid these species getting cold winter drafts which inevitably lead to leaf drop and possible pathogens. Most deciduous species are native to montane areas subject to monsoonal climate changes and thus have a very strong on/off growth cycle. These species should be given bright light, warm temperatures, and copious water and fertilizer when in active growth. After the canes have matured, the plants should be dried out to a large extent, not fertilized (or certainly not fertilized with nitrogen), and the plants should be kept cool to cold. If these deciduous species are overwatered or fertilized with nitrogen after the canes have matured, the stem nodes will typically produce plantlets (keikis) rather than flowers. High elevation species from New Guinea require bright light, steady moisture throughout the year, and cool to cold temperatures. Complete drying out of the roots or excessive heat will usually kill the plants. Because of this, wild-collected plants from high elevations in New Guinea should be avoided as they rarely survive the experience of removal from the cloud forests and shipment abroad. In contrast, acclimatized, artificially-propagated seedlings offer no special growing problems. One exception to these cultural guidelines is D. lawesii which is more heat and drought tolerant than most of its relatives and may be grown under intermediate temperatures without any special cooling equipment. .................................................... 19
Literature
Adams, P. B. and D. M. Calder 1982. Flowering, pollination and culture of Dendrobium speciosum Sm. Journ. Orchid Sp. Soc. Victoria 1:6-11. Adams, P. B. and S. D. Lawson 1987. Pollination of Dendrobium kingianum Bidw. by the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Orchadian 8(12):250-251. Adams, P. B. and S. D. Lawson 1988. Multiple bee pollinators of Dendrobium kingianum Bidw. in the natural habitat. Orchadian 9:103-107. Ando, T. 1982. Experimental taxonomy of the genus Dendrobium Swartz (Orchidaceae). I. Crossability of selected species in the section Eugenanthe Schlechter. Tec. Bull. Fac. Hort. Chiba Univ. 30:1-6. Armstrong, M. 2000. An introduction to the genus Dendrobium. Dendrobium anosmum. Orchid Rev. 108(1235):295-298. Atwood, J. T. 1983. Notes from the Orchid Identification Center: Dendrobium rupicola. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 52:22-23. Atwood, J. T. 1984. The identity of Dendrobium alexandrae. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 53:1178-1179. Auitrakul, R. 1961. The study of the relationship between sections in the genus Dendrobium from pollen germination. J. Nat. Res. Council, Thailand 2(3):37-47. Averyanov, L. V. and D. D. Huyen 1989. Rare species of the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in Vietnamese flora. Bot. Journ. (St. Petersburg) 74:1667-1668. Banks, D. P. 1996. The genus Dockrillia, the pros and cons. Orchadian 12(2):61. Banks, D. P. and S. C. Clemensha 1990. Dendrobium speciosum: a review of the species. Australian Orchid Rev. 55(6):4-14. Banks, D. P. and S. C. Clemensha 1991. Dendrobium speciosum: a review of the species. Australian Orchid Rev. 56(1):16. Banks, D. P. and D. I. Smedley 1997. Dendrobium lawesii, its history and notes on cultivation. Orchadian 12(4):152-155. Bartareau, T. 1994. The reproductive ecology of Dendrobium toressae (Bailey) Dockr., a geographically restricted species in north-east Queensland. Orchadian 11:106-112. Bartareau, T. 1995. Pollination and breeding systems in varieties of Dendrobium canaliculatum and their implications on the taxonomic status of the group. Orchadian 11:381-387. Bartareau, T. 1995. Pollination limitation, costs of capsule production and the capsule-to-flower ration in Dendrobium monophyllum F. Muell. (Orchidaceae). Australian J. Ecol. 20:257-265. Bartareau, T. 1999. Some observations on the pollination of Dockrillia nugentii in northeastern Queensland. Orchadian 12(11):497-501. Bertoldo, J. and I. Leighton 1991. A new natural hybrid from North Queensland. Orchadian 10(3):85-86. Betts, J. J. 1979. The rediscovery of Dendrobium convolutum Rolfe. Orchadian 6(6):134-135. Blake, S. T. 1964. Dendrobium bigibbum, D. phalaenopsis and the Cooktown orchids. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qnsld. 74(4):29-44. Bock, I. 1997. Dendrobium rigidum R. Br. 1810 [3]. Die Orchidee 48(3): Orchideenkartei Seite 855-856. Braem, G. J. 1990. Dendrobium sophronitis, an endless confusion. Schlechteriana 3/90:98-101. Cady, L. 1964. A new species of Dendrobium for NSW, Dendrobium suffusum. Orchadian 1:80-81. Calder, D. M. and A. T. Slater 1985. The stigma of Dendrobium speciosum Sm. (Orchidaceae), a new stigma type comprising detached cells within a mucilaginous matrix. Ann. Bot. 55:297-307. Chadim, V. A. 1982. Dendrobium crispilinguum Cribb, additional notes. Orchadian 7(3):59. Cheng, S. J. and C. Z. Tang 1986. A new Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) found in China. Orchid Digest 50:95-97. Cheng, S. J. and C. Z. Tang 1987. Dendrobiums new to China. Wild Orchid J. 4:82-84. Chowdhury, S. 1988. A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from Assam, India. Kew Bull. 43(4):667-669. Clements, M. A. and D. L. Jones 1990. Recently named Australian orchid taxa, 1: Dendrobium. Lindleyana 5(4):233-234. Clements, M. A. and D. L. Jones 1996. A checklist of the genus Dockrillia. Orchadian 12(2):60. Clements, M. A. and D. L. Jones 1997. A preliminary taxonomic review of Grastidium Blume and Eriopexis (Schltr.) Brieger (Orchidaceae). Lasianthera 1(2):52-128. Clements, M. A. and D. L. Jones 1997. Cannaeorchis, a new genus of Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae) for the taxon previously known as Dendrobium Sw. sect. Macrocladium Schltr. Lasianthera 1(3):132-147. Clements, M. A., D. L. Jones and B. P. J. Molloy 1997. Winika, a new monotypic genus for the New Zealand orchid previously known as Dendrobium cunninghamii. Orchadian 12(5):214-219. Clemesha, S. C. 1978. A review of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. Orchadian 6(2):27-33. Clemesha, S. C. 1981. A review of Dendrobium speciosum Sm. Orchadian 6(11):246-###. Clemesha, S. C. 1981. Dendrobium speciosum var. bancroftianum Reichb.f. Orchadian 6(12):271-272. Clemesha, S. C. 1982. A natural hybrid in Dendrobium from North Queensland. Orchadian 7(4):91-92. Clemesha, S. C. 1982. A new variety of Dendrobium speciosum Sm. from Central Queensland. Orchadian 7(5):103-106. Clemesha, S. C. 1983. A note on Dendrobium bigibbum var. compactum. Australian Orchid Rev. 48(3):181. Clemesha, S. C. 1986. Dendrobium speciosum, an update. Orchadian 8(8):173-177. Comber, J. B. 1981. Dendrobium pedilonum in Java. Orchid Digest 45:72-76. Comber, J. B. 1983. The section Calcarifera of the genus Dendrobium in Java. Orchid Digest 47:191-196. Comber, J. B. and J. J. Wood 1999. Dendrobium ayubii from Sumatra. Orchid Review 107(1226):89-91. Cootes, J. 1998. Dendrobium section Formosae as represented in the Philippines. Orchids Austral. 10(4):34-38. Cribb, P. J. 1980. Three new species of Dendrobium section Ceratobium from Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 6(8):174-178. Cribb, P. J. 1981. A preliminary key to Dendrobium sect. Latouria. Orchadian 6(12):277-283. Cribb, P. J. 1982. Dendrobium section Ceratobium in the Pacific Islands. Orchadian 7(5):119-120. Cribb, P. J. 1982. The true affinities of Dendrobium bairdianum F. M. Bail. Orchadian 7(6):140. Cribb, P. J. 1983. Dendrobium sect. Spatulata Lindl., the correct name for the “antelope” dendrobiums. Orchadian 7(8):189. Cribb, P.J. 1983. A preliminary key to Dendrobium sect. Spatulata Lindl. (syn. sect. Ceratobium Lindl.) in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Orchadian 7(8):189-192. Cribb, P. J. 1984. A revision of Dendrobium section Latouria (Orchidaceae). Kew Bull. 38:229-306. Cribb, P. J. 1985. Further thoughts on the identity of Dendrobium alexandrae. Orchadian 8(3):63. Cribb, P. J. 1986. A revision of Dendrobium section Spatulata (Orchidaceae). Kew Bull. 41(3):615-692. Cribb, P. J. 1986. Dendrobium eximium. Kew Mag. 3(2):55-57. Cribb, P. J. 1990. Die Gattung Dendrobium in Neu-Guinea, Australien un den Pazifischen Inseln. Die Orchidee 41:169-176. Cribb, P. J. 1990. 153. Dendrobium alexandrae, Orchidaceae. Kew Mag. 7(3):117-120. Cribb, P. J. 1991. Zwei neue Orchideen aus dem Hochland von Papua-Neuguinea: Dendrobium magistratus und Dendrobium hamiferum. Die Orchidee 42(1):28-32. Cribb, P. 1995. New species of Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from the Pacific Islands. Kew Bull. 50(4):785-789. Cribb, P. J. 1996. A new name for a Moluccan species of Dendrobium Sw. (Orchidaceae). Kew Bull. 51(2):380. Cribb, P. J. 199##. A new name for a Moluccan species of Dendrobium Sw. (Orchidaceae). Kew Bull. ###:380. Cribb, P. J. and D. F. Blaxell 1983. A reassessment of Dendrobium mirbelianum Gaud. and the true identity of D. wilkianum Rupp. Orchadian 7(8):175-176. Cribb, P. J. and B. Lewis 1989. New orchids from Vanuatu in the southwest Pacific, part 3. Orchid Rev. 97:360-362. Cribb, P. J., T. Reeve and P. Woods. 1985. The genus Dendrobium in New Guinea. Kew Mag. 2(3):291-308. Cruttwell, N. E. G. 1989. Orchids of Mt. Gahavisuka, part. 2. Dendrobium. Orchadian 9(7):146-147, 160-162. Dodd, J. 1977. The problem of naming orchids, a new name for Dendrobium ophioglossum Rchb.f. Orchadian 5(8):112-113. Erfkamp, J. and O. Gruss 2000. Dendrobium sulawesiense, eine neue Art der Gattung Dendrobium aus Sulawesi. Die Orchidee 51(1):[057]-[060]. Fessel, H. 1999. Dendrobium tobaense J. J. Wood & J. B. Comber 1993. Die Orchidee 50(5): Orchideenkartei Seite 909-910. Fessel, H., E. Lückel and J. Röth 1999. Dendrobium ionopus Rchb.f., eine vielfach übersehene Art von den Philippinen, oft unter anderen Namen kultiviert und verkault. Die Orchidee 50(4):432-102. Fessel, H., E. Lückel and J. Röth 2000. Neubeschreibung der Art Dendrobium pseudoequitans mit einer Richtigstellung zum oft falsch verwendeten Artnamen Dendrobium equitans. Die Orchidee 51(1):[083]-[085]. Fessel, H. and H. Wolff 1990. Ein neues Dendrobium aus der Sektion Formosae von Thailand: Dendrobium lueckelianum. Die Orchidee 41(2):37-41. Field, L. 1997. Some notes on Dockrillia cucumerina. Orchadian 12(4):151. Finch, N. 1983. Dendrobium pugioniforme x D. striolatum, a natural hybrid reported. Orchadian 7(10):232-233. Gopalan, R. and A. N. Henry 1989. A new subspecies of Dendrobium diodon Reichb.f. (Orchidaceae) from southern India. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 12:487-488. Gray, B. and D. L. Jones 1989. A new species of Dendrobium section Dendrocoryne (Orchidaceae) from North-eastern Queensland. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qnsld. 100:105-107. Guen, Z. D. and L. V. Averyanov 1989. Novaya raznovidnost Dendrobium nobile var. alboluteum (Orchidaceae) s territorii Yuxhnogo Vietnama. Bot. Journ. (St. Petersburg) 74:1039-1040. Harrison, M. 1998. The Dendrobium tetragonum complex. Orchadian 12(8):352-370. Hashimoto, K. 1981. Chromosome count in Dendrobium, I. 87 species. Bull. Hiroshima Bot. Gard. 4:63-80. Hashimoto, K. 1982. Chromosome count in Dendrobium, II. 30 species. Bull. Hiroshima Bot. Gard. 5:80-87. Hashimoto, K. 1987. Karyomorphological studies of some 80 taxa of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). Bull. Hiroshima Bot. Gard. 9:1-186. Holttum, R. E. 1952. The subdivision of the genus Dendrobium. Orchid J. 1:123-125. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1977. Dendrobium chloroleucum Schltr. Orchadian 5(10):146-147. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1978. New Guinea’s Dendrobium rigidum R. Br. Orchadian 5(12):182-183. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1981. Dendrobium wulaiense, a new species of section Ceratobium from West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 6(12):284-285. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1990. Contributions to the orchid flora of the Araucaria forests in New Guinea, 7. Dendrobium anosmum Lindl. Orchadian 9:263-264. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1995. Dendrobium hodgkinsonii Rolfe -- rediscovered. Orchadian 11(9):413. Howcroft, N. H. S. 1996. Dendrobium soriense: a new species of section Spathulata from Sori Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 11(12):580-584. Hu, S. Y. 1970. Dendrobium in Chinese medicine. Econ. Bot. 24(2):165-174. Johansen, B. 1990. Incompatability in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). Bot. Journ. Linn. Soc. 103:165-196. Jones, D. L. 1974. The pollination of Dendrobium linguiforme. Austral. Orchid Rev. 39(2):70-72. Jones, D. L. and M. A. Clements 1996. A new species of Dendrobium section Rhizobium (Orchidaceae) from Australia. Orchadian 12(1):5-6. Jones, D. L. and B. Gray 1976. The pollination of Dendrobium lichenastrum (F. Muell.) Krzl. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 45(11):981-983. Jones, D. L. and B. Gray 1977. The pollination of Dendrobium ruppianum A. D. Hawkes. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 46(1):54-57. Jones, K. 1963. The chromosomes of Dendrobium. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 32(8):634-640. Jones, K., K. Y. Lim and P. J. Cribb 1982. The chromosomes of orchids VII. Dendrobium. Kew Bull. 37:221-227. Kamemoto, H. and R. Sagarik 1967. Chromosome numbers of Dendrobium species of Thailand. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 36(10):884-894. Kamemoto, H., K. Shindo and K. Kosaki 1964. Chromosome homology in the Ceratobium, Phalaenanthe, and Latouria sections of the genus Dendrobium. Pacific Sci. 18(1):104-115. Kerr, A. F. G. 1909. Notes on the pollination of certain species of Dendrobium. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 12:47-53. Kimura, K. and H. Migo 1936. New species of Dendrobium from the Chinese drug Shih-hu. J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 3:121-124. Kjellesson, G. and F. N. Rasmussen 1987. Does the pollination of Dendrobium unicum Seidenf. involve “pseudopollen”? Die Orchidee 38(4):183-187. Kjellesson, G., F. N. Rasmussen and D. DuPuy 1985. Pollination of Dendrobium infundibulum, Cymbidium insigne (Orchidaceae) and Rhododendron lyi (Ericaceae) by Bombus eximus (Apidae) in Thailand: a possible case of floral mimicry. J. Trop. Ecol. 1:289-302. Lavarack, P. S. 1980. The true identity of Dendrobium ophioglossum Rchb.f. Orchadian 6(9):212-213. Lavarack, P. S. 1984. A further note on Dendrobium johannis Reichb.f. and D. semifuscum (Reichb.f.) Lavarack & Cribb. Orchadian 7(11):252-254. Lavarack, B. 1995. Dendrobium lancifolium, an interesting and attractive species from Sulawesi. Australian Orchid Rev. 60(1):15-16. Lavarack, P. S. and P. J. Cribb 1980. Dendrobium johannis and Dendrobium semifuscum in north Queensland. Orchadian 6(9):209-211. Lavarack, P. S. and P. J. Cribb 1982. A new species of Dendrobium from Cape York Peninsula and New Guinea. Austrobaileya 1(5):497-501. Lister, P. 1987. Observations on the pollination of Dendrobium linguiforme Sw. Orchadian 8(12):258-261. Lückel, E. H. Fessel and J. Röth 1997. Dendrobium balzerianum Fessel & Lueckel. Die Orchidee 48(4):173-174. Manilal, K. S. and C. S. Kumar 1985. Dendrobium panduratum Lindl. (Orchidaceae), a new record for India. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 64:299-301. Maunders, R. 1997. Die Entdeckung von Dendrobium mohlianum, ein Reisebericht. Journ. Orchideenfreund 4(2):64-71. Mejstrik, V. 1970. The anatomy of roots and mycorrhizae of the orchid Dendrobium cunninghamii Lindl. Biol. Plantarum 12:105-109. Mewburn, J. 1995. Bodgie Bigibbums. Orchadian 11(9):410-411. Mohr, H. 1990-1991. Australian Dendrobiums. Schlechteriana 4/90:158-162, 1/91:31-37. Morris, M. W., W. Stern and W. Judd 1996. Vegetative anatomy and systematics of subtribe Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae). J. Linn. Soc. 120:89-144. Nishida, R., O. Iwahashi and L. H. Tan 1993. Accumulation of Dendrobium superbum (Orchidaceae) fragrance in the rectal glands by the males of the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae. J. Chem. Ecol. 19(4):713-723. O’Byrne, P. 1997. A look at Dendrobium section Aporum, part 2. Malayan Orch. Rev. 31:18-24, 75-78. O’Byrne, P. 1998. Three rare black-haired Dendrobiums from Indonesia. Malayan Orch. Rev. 32:72-76, 80-83. Ossian, C. R. 1982. Review of the “antelope” dendrobiums (section Ceratobium). 4. Pentacostate Platypetala species. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 51:23-33. Pastrana, M. D. and J. K. Santos 1931. A contribution on the life history of Dendrobium anosmum Lindley. Nat. & Appl. Sci. Bull. Philipp. Univ. 1:132-144. Phukan, S. 1998. An attractive peloric orchid from NE India. Orchid Rev. 106(1224):367-368. Quinlan, J. 1999. Dendrobium discolor in the Mackay Area. Orchids Austral. 11(5):20-25. Reeve, T. M. 1978. Dendrobium sophronities Schltr. Orchadian 6(2):36-39. Reeve, T. M. 1980. Two new species of Dendrobium section Latouria from the mountains of Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 6(10):223-226. Reeve, T. M. 1982. Some new species of Dendrobium section Pedilonum from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 7(6):130-137. Reeve, T. M. 1983. Dendrobium geotropum T. M. Reeve, a new species in section Latouria from Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 7(8):183-185. Reeve, T. M. 1983. A revision of Dendrobium section Microphytanthe. Orchadian 7:203-206. Reeve, T. M. 1984. The rediscovery of Dendrobium eximium Schltr. Orchadian 7(11):258-260. Reeve, T. M. and N. E. G. Cruttwell 1982. Dendrobium crutwellii T. M. Reeve (section Latouria). Orchadian 7(3):51-53. Reeve, T. M. and J. Renz 1981. Dendrobium mayandyi, ein neues Dendrobium von Neu-Guinea aus der sektion Latouria. Die Orchidee 32:73-76. Reeve, T. M. and J. J. Wood 1982. Three confused species of Dendrobium section Pedilonum from New Guinea and the Moluccas. Orchadian 7(5):113-118. Reeve, T. M. and P. J. B. Woods 1980. A preliminary key to the species of Dendrobium section Oxyglossum. Orchadian 6(9):195-208. Reeve, T. M. and P. J. B. Woods 1981. Dendrobium delicatulum Kraenzl. (section Oxyglossum). Orchadian 7(1):18-21. Reeve, T. M. and P. J. B. Woods 1989. A revision of Dendrobium section Oxyglossum (Orchidaceae). Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46(2):161-305. Roberts, J. 1997. More on Dendrobium x suffusum. Orchadian 12(4):156. Röllke, G. 1996. Dendrobium tapiniense ‘Sehlem’ SM(B)/D.O.G. 1995. Die Orchidee 47(5):227. Rupp, H. M. R. and T. E. Hunt 1948. A review of the genus Dendrobium in Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. 72:5-6. Schelpe, E. A. 1981. A review of the genus Dendrobium section Callista. Orchid Digest 45:204-210. Schelpe, E. A. 1985. The sections of cultivated species of Dendrobium. S. Afr. Orchid J. 16(2):56-59. Seidenfaden, G. 1977. A note on Dendrobium serpens (Hk.f.) Hk.f. Gard. Bull. Singapore 28:269-274. Seidenfaden, G. 1985. Orchid genera in Thailand XII. Dendrobium Sw. Opera Bot. 83:1-295. Seidenfaden, G. 1996. A new scarlet Dendrobium from Laos. Nordic J. Bot. 16(2):139-140. Sharma, I. K. and M. A. Clements 1995. Evidence of low genetic diversity in Dendrobium malbrownii Dockrill (Orchidaceae). Orchadian 11(10):459-464. Shindo, K. and H. Kamemoto 1963. Chromosome numbers and genome relationships of some species in the Nigrohirsutae section of Dendrobium. Cytologia 28:68-75. Slade, G. H. 1980. Dendrobium mohlianum, a case of pollination by birds. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 49(8):869-870. Slater, A. T. 1989. Floral adaptation to accomodate the pollinium of Dendrobium speciosum Sm.: a large coherent pollen aggregate. In: R. B. Knox, et al. (eds.), Pollination 1988:90-94. Slater, A. T. 1995. The stigma of Dendrobium speciosum: an unusual structure which has specific roles in pollination and reproduction. Orchadian 11(10):465-468. Slater, A. T. 1996. Australasian orchids illustrated: no. 22. Dendrobium falcorostrum Fitzg. Orchadian 12(1):40-41. Slater, A. T. and D. M. Calder 1988. The pollination biology of Dendrobium speciosum Smith, a case of false advertising? Australian Journ. Bot. 36:145-158. Slater, A. T. and D. M. Calder 1990. Fine structure of the wet, detached cell stigma of the orchid Dendrobium speciosum Sm. Sexual Plant Reprod. 3:61-69. Smedley, D. I. 1989. Notes on the pollination of Dendrobium kingianum. Orchadian 9:177-178. Smedley, D. L. 1996. Review of the distribution, reproductive biology and morphology of the natural hybrid Dendrobium x suffusum Cady. Orchadian 12(2):71-80. Smee, G. 1999. Natural hybrids within the genus Dockrillia in Australia. Orchadian 12(12):532-546. Smythe, R. 1970. A pollinator for Dendrobium speciosum. Orchadian 3:119. Spence, P. 1996. Notes on Dendrobium alexandrae Schltr. Orchadian 12(1):19-22. Spence, P. J. 1997. Notes on selected species of Dendrobium sect. Latouria. Lasianthera 1(3):153-172. Spence, P. 1999. Three infrequently seen Dendrobium of the Section Calyptrochilus. Orchids Austral. 11(3):28-30. Spence, P. 2000. Some of the species related to Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich. Orchadian 13(3):120-125. Spence, P. 2000. Grastidiums in Papua New Guinea. Orchids Austral. 12(3):6-11. Sun, S. C. and L. G. Xu 1988. A new species of Dendrobium from Sichuan, China. Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forestry Inst. 8:59-61. Taylor, P. 1999. Dendrobium laevifolium Stapf. Orchids Austral. 11(4):40-41. Taylor, P. 1999. Dendrobium aphrodite Rchb.f. Orchids Austral. 11(6):6-7. Thammasiri, K., C. S. Tang, H. Y. Yamamoto and H. Kamemoto 1986. Carotenoids and chlorophylls in yellow-flowered Dendrobium species. Lindleyana 1:215-218. Tsi, Z.-H. 1980. A preliminary study of the orchid genus Dendrobium Sw. in China. Acta Phytotax. Sinica 18(4):427-449. Vajrabhaya, T. and L. F. Randolph 1960. Chromosome studies in Dendrobium. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 29(7):507-517. Walsh, G. 1997. A bit about Dendrobium monophyllum. Orchadian 12(5):210-213. Wang, Y.-T. 1999. Dendrobium anosmum. Orchids 68(10):1026-1028. Warren, R. 1991. New Guinea Dendrobiums -- a growing fascination. Schlechteriana 3/91:97-102. Webb, A. and M. Webb 1992. Dendrobium kingianum, the Pink Rock Orchid. Australian Orchid Rev. 57(2):4-10. Went, F. A. F. C. 1898. Die Periodicitat des Bluhens von Dendrobium crumentatum Lindl. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., 2 Suppl., 1898:78-84. Wilfret, G. J. and H. Kamemoto 1969. Genome and karyotype relationships in the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). I. Crossability. Amer. J. Bot. 56:521-526. Wilfret, G. J. and H. Kamemoto 1971. Genome and karyotype relationships in the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). II. Karyotype relationships. Cytologia 36:604-613. Wilfret, G. J. and H. Kamemoto 1976. Genome and karyotype relationships in the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), I. Crossability. Amer. J. Bot. 56:521-526. Wilfret, G. J., T. Takeshita and H. Kamemoto 1979. Genome and karyotype relationships in the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae), III. Meiotic behavior. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:43-46. Wolff, M. 1990. Ein neues Dendrobium aus der Sektion Stachyobium von Thailand: Dendrobium fesselianum. Die Orchidee 41(3):96-100. Womersley, J. S. 1967. The rediscovery of Dendrobium laevifolium Stapf. Austral. Orchid Rev. 32(3):131-132. Wood, H. P. 1999. Dendrobium guibertii. an old taxon rediscovered in cultivation. Orchid Digest 63(1):11-15. Wood, H. P. 1999. Comments on Dendrobium section Holochrysa. Orchid Digest 63(4):209-214. Wood, J. J. 1989. 30. Dendrobium rarum. Kew Mag. 2(1):211-213. Wood, J. J. 1997. Four interesting dendrobiums from Indonesia. Orchid Rev. 105(1216):231-234. Wood, J. J. 1998. The orange flame orchid of Borneo. Orchid Rev. 106(1224):337-342. Wood, J. J. and J. Comber 1988. A new species of Dendrobium section Pedilonum from Java. Orchid Rev. 96(1132):51-53. Wood, J. J. and J. B. Comber 1993. A new species of Dendrobium Sw. (section Formosae) from Sumatra (Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 8(2):115-117. Wood, J. J. and J. Comber 1996. An obscure species of Dendrobium section Aporum from Borneo. Orchid Review 104(1208):113-114. Woods, P. J. B. 1989. Die taxonomie der Gattung Dendrobium Sektion Oxyglossum. Die Orchidee 40:137-143. Yukawa, T. 1995. Dendrobium X Usitae (Orchidaceae): a new natural hybrid from the Philippines. Ann. Tsukuba Bot. Gard. 14:43-46. Yukawa, T. 1997. Dendrobium ejirii (Orchidaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Ann. Tsukuba Bot. Gard. 16:25-28. Yukawa, T. 2000. A new species of Dendrobium section Amblyanthus from Papua New Guinea. Lindleyana 15(3):189-191. Yukawa, T., T. Ando, K. Karasawa and K. Hashimoto 1992. Existence of two stomatal shapes in the genus Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) and its systematic significance. Amer. J. Bot. 79:946-952.
FREE ACCESS: Orchid DealWire
Get notified when orchid vendors have special promotions and exclusive savings.
